16 The basis of any game is the rules that both define and describe it. A referee is, by definition, the person to whom a dispute is referred. He is the game’s judge, the person responsible to keep it fair and in balance, by ensuring that all the rules are followed and respected by everyone involved. A good referee should not only be aware of what the rules are, but mainly have a profound understanding of the meaning of the rules. He should, therefore, know how a rule must be applied and what verdict should come into effect in case of rule violation. But most importantly, a good referee is able to apply the rules with common sense. As it has already been mentioned, it is imperative that a referee is fully aware of the rules and their meaning. The theoretical rule knowledge is the foundation, but a referee should know when and how to apply a rule. However, rule-awareness is only the first part. “Game assessment” is absolutely critical for good refereeing. The term “game assessment” implies the spherical understanding of not only rule application, but most importantly of the game per se. In order to determine when a referee should intervene, he/she should be able to understand and follow the course of the game. The referee must be aware of the technical and tactical game elements that pertain to handball, as well as of the various defence and offence strategies. Furthermore, it is important that a referee tries to maintain a good relationship with both the team officials and the players, in order to facilitate a better understanding between all sides involved. Penalising rule violations – as it is a referee’s duty – often implies a certain amount of contradiction between the referee and the players or other team members. However, a referee should always assess a situation based on his/her knowledge of the sport’s rules. Therefore, his/her decision making should never be influenced by the players, the coaches or the audience. And while a referee’s decisions are final, they are also subjective; hence, not always right. Consequently, a good referee needs to be modest but not submissive. He/she should always have the courage to dare, to intervene, to take difficult decisions and to stick by them. Good refereeing is characterised by coherence and consistency. And this is also what earns a referee respect. A key aspect in good refereeing performance is mental and physical preparation for the game. A referee should be prepared for the challenges he/she might have to face during a match. He/she should, therefore, be well-informed about the two teams and of any specificities pertinent to the match. However, it is important that a referee does not go into a game with preconceived ideas and that he/she remains neutral and impartial at all times. At the same time, it is essential for a referee to be in good physical condition. A body in shape not only earns the respect of the players, but is also necessary for coping with the physical stress of a game. Thus, a referee should follow a proper