way! The referees have to observe this actions with support of the lecturer. Left picture: Very dangerous situation! The defender holds the thigh, normally for a very short moment. The wing player could crash down. The referee has the reflex to observe the object of the game: the ball! In situations, in which the caught ball is on a higher position than the shoulder, he is not any more interesting for the referee – the ball is saved! That means, the referee has to observe and check the line and all other activities around the players. Not all situations are so clear like on the central and right picture... Proposal 2: Pivot For many years, the importance of the pivot was rather low. In the last years, this situation has totally changed. The pivot is one of the most important players, he is the second playmaker. In the games this importance can be clearly seen. More fights for space, position, blocking etc. The different ways to act and react are multi-faceted! We can introduce the circle game to understand the actions, to understand the intention of attacker and defender, to feel and execute different handlings of the players. Organisation: 1 A defence player, a line player, a player to pass the ball to the pivot. The pivot has the target to shoot at goal. The defender has to avoid the shot. Defender and attacker have to act in different ways to „win“. The goal referee has to observe the whole situation. Advice: don’t follow the ball, but observe the bodies, legs and arms. Organisation 2: Two defenders, two attackers, one player to pass the ball, 2: 2. Clear advice here: The field referee has to observe the game from the field players, the goal referee the “line game”! The observation tasks stay the same. 2.4. Tactical elements in the complete team (defending, attacking systems in 6 : 6) For the referee it’s absolutely important to know the different attackingand defending systems not only the systems, but also the moving paths from players, the different targets, the intention of all players. In this case he is able to understand the game and the acting of all players. He can adapt movements, behaviour, advantage, is not fixed to the ball. The referee is able to see and feel the game and to take correct decisions in all phases of the game. It is very difficult to practise these systems with referees. It’s obligatory to have two demonstration teams. The lecturer and the coach (!) have to explain all movingand the observation elements for the fieldand the goal referee. The systems: 6 : 0 offensive and defensive, 5 : 1, 3 : 2 : 1, 4 : 2, 3 : 3. But to explain all the systems in detail in this essay would be too much...... Henrik La Cour Felix Rätz EHF Lecturer / DEN EHF Lecturer / SUI